Project outcomes and beyond

Specific outcomes

• Stakeholders are more aware of their inter-dependencies with regards to the various layers.
• The project on spontaneous help during an evacuation is an important result of this pilot project

Flood risk management strategies (FRMS)

The Netherlands spends most of its efforts on prevention (layer 1), and it takes time to shift focus to spatial measures (layer 2, Delta program) and emergency management (layer 3) ( evacuation in case of flooding) (Buijs et al. 2018). The main message has always been ‘we will not let you flood’, so making people aware of evacuation is not a popular message for mayors to spread. Let alone talking about reconstruction and rebuilding (layer 4), because that means it has happened already. But the awareness on this is slowly growing (interview will pilot manager, 2019).

The following table summarizes the actions/measures taken for flood risk management before, during Frames and which will be impact of afterwards.

Layers of MLS	Before FRAMES	During FRAMES	After FRAMES
Protection/ defence
Pro-action/ prevention via spatial planning
Preparation & response
Recovery

Lessons learnt so far

• Getting the municipalities engaged was difficult. They were not enthusiastic right from the start; the first response was often that MLS was not applicable to their area. It took time to get them interested and willing to participate. By getting them all on the same page using the literature study that showed the situation in their area, it became clear the MLS was also applicable for their area. So it was a matter of getting the right information to them and convince them it would be interesting to look at things from another point of view. Not excluding options, but be open to include other options as well.  And not in the immediate future, but further down the road. Moreover, it was also difficult to engage with the municipalities because they are small in area and they do not have enough men power (the person responsible for water safety is also responsible of ten other subjects). In general, the Province could only reach them in meetings/ workshops as part of the larger project.
• On a more organizational level, there were difficulties with internal capacity of the Province of Zuid Holland. It takes time to get a project going, and to keep it going.
• Time was another barrier; it takes time for people to get aware of the problem, and it takes times to for people how they can become part of the solution as well.
• The MLS approach takes time, so the political reality is a barrier as well: the Government has a different time span, every 4 year we have elections and their horizon is not further than 4 years, or less. Changing their time perspective to a long(er) term is a barrier.
• The MLS approach also needs willingness to cooperate. Everyone  says they want to cooperate but can or do they actually cooperate? In this area, municipalities are small, so it again comes down to capacity issues.

Dissemination and up-scaling of pilot results

As a result of FRAMES, the stakeholders in this pilot area are now energized to think about all layers of MLS. The challenge is how to continue this momentum. A final report will be written. Together with a session this will be used to disseminate the conclusion and to address next steps for every stakeholder. The network of the ‘Water en Ruimte verbinden’ project will also be used for dissemination. 

Transnational exchange

• There are commonalities between the Wesermarsch, Alblasserwaard and the other pilots in the Netherlands. When floods occur in Alblasserwaard and Wesermarsch, there will be casualties. However, in projects in the UK and East Flanders are different because the flood risks are different.  Thus, their prospective and solutions will probably differ from and not be applicable to the situation in this pilot. However, there is much to learn from the solutions of the River Trust and Flood Forum about using volunteers – what works in the UK might also work in the Netherlands and we have not tried their approach yet; we should probably change our message to the Dutch people: “you can go to sleep and feel safe, but we should be able to count on you when you’re awake and something happens”.
• Just being aware of other approaches means you are applying it in your daily work, albeit unconsciously. In that way, all pilots can and have learned from each other.
• Time-frames differ per country – measurements taken in the UK were taken in Germany and the Netherlands already two decades ago. That is not necessarily wrong or right – it is based on history, governance structures and time.
• Awareness is a huge part of the solution – knowing you can be and should be a part of the solution, and need to take actions to actually be part of that solution is a major accomplishment of this project, and this notion crosses borders.

Referenties

• Adaptive planning for flood resilient areas: dealing with complexity in decision-making about multilayered flood risk management, Buijs, J-M., Boelens, L., Bormann, H., Restemeyer, B., Terpstra, T., HZ University of Applied Sciences, 1 januari 2018.
• Helping hands, van Popering-Verkerk, J., G. Koers, A. Janssen, M. Duijn, FRAMES, Alblasserwaard-Vijfheerenlanden, 6 augustus 2020.